The Nameless Blog

Algorithms

• What's the difference between a linked list and an array?
• Implement a linked list. Why did you pick the method you did?
• Implement an algorithm to sort a linked list. Why did you pick the method you did? Now do it in O(n) time.
• Describe advantages and disadvantages of the various stock sorting algorithms.
• Implement an algorithm to reverse a linked list. Now do it without recursion.
• Implement an algorithm to insert a node into a circular linked list without traversing it.
• Implement an algorithm to sort an array. Why did you pick the method you did?
• Implement an algorithm to do wild card string matching.
• Implement strstr() (or some other string library function).
• Reverse a string. Optimize for speed. Optimize for space.
• Reverse the words in a sentence, i.e. "My name is Chris" becomes "Chris is name My." Optimize for speed. Optimize for space.
• Find a substring. Optimize for speed. Optimize for space.
• Compare two strings using O(n) time with constant space.
• Suppose you have an array of 1001 integers. The integers are in random order, but you know each of the integers is between 1 and 1000 (inclusive). In addition, each number appears only once in the array, except for one number, which occurs twice. Assume that you can access each element of the array only once. Describe an algorithm to find the repeated number. If you used auxiliary storage in your algorithm, can you find an algorithm that does not require it?
• Count the number of set bits in a number. Now optimize for speed. Now optimize for size.
• Multiple by 8 without using multiplication or addition. Now do the same with 7.
• Add numbers in base n (not any of the popular ones like 10, 16, 8 or 2 -- I hear that Charles Simonyi, the inventor of Hungarian Notation, favors -2 when asking this question).
• Write routines to read and write a bounded buffer.
• Write routines to manage a heap using an existing array.
• Implement an algorithm to take an array and return one with only unique elements in it.
• Implement an algorithm that takes two strings as input, and returns the intersection of the two, with each letter represented at most once. Now speed it up. Now test it.
• Implement an algorithm to print out all files below a given root node.
• Given that you are receiving samples from an instrument at a constant rate, and you have constant storage space, how would you design a storage algorithm that would allow me to get a representative readout of data, no matter when I looked at it? In other words, representative of the behavior of the system to date.
• How would you find a cycle in a linked list?
• Give me an algorithm to shuffle a deck of cards, given that the cards are stored in an array of ints.
• The following asm block performs a common math function, what is it?

·                cwd xor ax, dx

sub ax, dx

• Imagine this scenario:
  I/O completion ports are communictaions ports which take handles to files, sockets, or any other I/O. When a Read or Write is submitted to them, they cache the data (if necessary), and attempt to take the request to completion. Upon error or completion, they call a user-supplied function to let the users application know that that particular request has completed. They work asynchronously, and can process an unlimited number of simultaneous requests.
  Design the implementation and thread models for I/O completion ports. Remember to take into account multi-processor machines.
• Write a function that takes in a string parameter and checks to see whether or not it is an integer, and if it is then return the integer value.
• Write a function to print all of the permutations of a string.
• Implement malloc.
• Write a function to print the Fibonacci numbers.
• Write a function to copy two strings, A and B. The last few bytes of string A overlap the first few bytes of string B.
• How would you write qsort?
• How would you print out the data in a binary tree, level by level, starting at the top?

Applications

• How can computer technology be integrated in an elevator system for a hundred story office building? How do you optimize for availability? How would variation of traffic over a typical work week or floor or time of day affect this?
• How would you implement copy-protection on a control which can be embedded in a document and duplicated readily via the Internet?
• Define a user interface for indenting selected text in a Word document. Consider selections ranging from a single sentence up through selections of several pages. Consider selections not currently visible or only partially visible. What are the states of the new UI controls? How will the user know what the controls are for and when to use them?
• How would you redesign an ATM?
• Suppose we wanted to run a microwave oven from the computer. What kind of software would you write to do this?
• What is the difference between an Ethernet Address and an IP address?
• How would you design a coffee-machine for an automobile.
• If you could add any feature to Microsoft Word, what would it be?
• How would you go about building a keyboard for 1-handed users?
• How would you build an alarm clock for deaf people?

Thinkers

• How are M&Ms made?
• If you had a clock with lots of moving mechanical parts, you took it apart piece by piece without keeping track of the method of how it was disassembled, then you put it back together and discovered that 3 important parts were not included; how would you go about reassembling the clock?
• If you had to learn a new computer language, how would you go about doing it?
• You have been assigned to design Bill Gates bathroom. Naturally, cost is not a consideration. You may not speak to Bill.
• What was the hardest question asked of you so far today?
• If MS told you we were willing to invest $5 million in a start up of your choice, what business would you start? Why?
• If you could gather all of the computer manufacturers in the world together into one room and then tell them one thing that they would be compelled to do, what would it be?
• Explain a scenario for testing a salt shaker.
• If you are going to receive an award in 5 years, what is it for and who is the audience?
• How would you explain how to use Microsoft Excel to your grandma?
• Why is it that when you turn on the hot water in any hotel, for example, the hot water comes pouring out almost instantaneously?
• Why do you want to work at Microsoft?
• Suppose you go home, enter your house/apartment, hit the light switch, and nothing happens - no light floods the room. What exactly, in order, are the steps you would take in determining what the problem was?
• Interviewer hands you a black pen and says nothing but "This pen is red."
  

1. For Realising EX-OR gate how many NAND gates are required
2. The time required for the data to setting, before the triggering edge of the clock.
   Ans. Setup Time.
3. How can we change DFF to TFF
4. How can we change SRFF to JKFF
5. Minimum Number of 2:1 MUX required for 16:1 MUX
6. A 12 address lines maps to the memory of
   >
   > [a] 1k bytes [b] 0.5k bytes [c] 2k bytes [d] none
   >
   > Ans: b
7. In a processor these are 120 instructions . Bits
   needed to impliment
   > this instructions
   > [a] 6 [b] 7 [c] 10 [d] none
   >
   > Ans: b
8. n=7623
   > {
   > temp=n/10;
   > result=temp*10+ result;
   > n=n/10
   > }
   >
   > Ans : 3267
9. C program code
   >
   > int zap(int n)
   > {
   > if(n<=1)then zap=1;
   > else zap=zap(n-3)+zap(n-1);
   > }
   > then the call zap(6) gives the values of zap
   > [a] 8 [b] 9 [c] 6 [d] 12 [e] 15
   >
   > Ans: b
10. Virtual memory size depends on
    > [a] address lines [b] data bus
    > [c] disc space [d] a & c [e] none
    >
    > Ans : a
11. load a
    > mul a
    > store t1
    > load b
    > mul b
    > store t2
    > mul t2
    > add t1
    >
    > then the content in accumulator is
    >
    > Ans : a**2+b**4
12. E=I*I*R what is the effect of E when I becomes I/2
    ans:1/4E(E decreses by 4 times)
13. out of 55 eggs 5 are defective. what is % of defective eggs
    ans:9/11%
14. A>B,B>C,C=D,D>E,then which is greatest
    a)A/B b) A/C c) A/E d)none
    ans: c
15. section 2. letter series
    -------------------------
    1. a c b d f e g i __ ans: h
    2. x y z u v w r s t __ ans: o
    3. a c f j o __ ans:u
16. section 3. numerical ability
    -------------------------------
    1. 10099+99=10198
    2. 31 - 29+2/33=__ ans:64/33
    3. 2.904+0.0006=___ ans: 2.9046
    4. 55/1000=___ ans:.005
    5. 0.799*0.254= 0.202946
    6. 200/7*5.04=144
    7. 842.8 +602=1444.8
    8. 5.72% of 418= 23.9096
    9. 625% of 7.71=48.1875
    10. 25% of 592=148.00
    11. 665+22.9=687.9
    12. 15% of 86.04=12.906
17. what is the direction of motion of an electron kept in an electromagnetic field.
    
18. in a transistor, the saturation current can be controlled by changing
    a)anode potential
    b)grid potential
    c)cathod potential
    d)non of the above
    
19. probability for speaking truth for A ->75% for B ->80%
    what is the probability that both of them will tell lie for a given fact
    
20. what will be order of SURITI in the dictionary if the letters of the word is arranged in
    lexicographical order
    
21. two persons are select any number from 1 to 25. they win if
    they select the same one.whatis the probability that they will win .
    
22. f(x)=(1-cos(x)(1-cos(x)))/(x*x*x)
    What is the value of f(x) at x=0, so that it is continious
    
23. Same atomic no. & atomic mass
    (a) isotone
    (b) isomer
    (c) isobar
    (d) isomar.
    

1. Optimize the below 1,2,3,4 questions for time:
   
   1)
   int i;
   if i=0 then i:=1;
   if i=1 then i:=0;
   
   2)
   int i;
   if i=0 then i:=1;
   if i=1 then i:=0;
   (given that i can take only two values (1,0))
   
   3)
   int i;
   if i=0 then i:=1;
   else if i=1 then i:=0;
   (given that i can take only two values (1,0))
   
   4)
   int m,j,i,n;
   for i:=1 to n do
   m:=m+j*n

2. Expand the following
   a) ISDN
   b) CASE
   c) CSMA/CD
   d) OOPS
   e) MIMD

3. n the following questions, answer A,B,C,D depending on when
   the errors are  detected?
   A if no error is detected
   B if semantic and syntactic checking
   C if during Code genration & Symbol allocation
   D run time
   
   a) Array overbound
   b) Undeclared identifier
   c) stack underflow
   d) Accessing an illegal memory location

4. If a CPU has 20 address lines but MMU does'nt use two of them.
    OS occupies 20K. No virtual memory is supported. What is the
    maximum memory available for a user program?

5.  For a binary tree with n nodes, How many nodes are there which
   has got both a parent and a child?

6. Which of the following can be zero? (only one)
     a)  swap space
     b)  physical memory
     c)  virtual memory

7. What is a must for multitasking?
     a) Process preemption
     b) Paging
     c) Virtual memory
     d) None of the above

8. Using the following instructions and two registers , A&B.
    find out A XOR B and put the result in A
    PUSH 
    POP  
    NOR    These instructions operates with A & B and puts the result in
    AND     A
   
   (question basically to get XOR in terms of NOR and AND)

9. int i=0;
   int j=0;
   
   loop:
   if(i = 0)
      i++;
   i++;
   j++;
   if(j<= 25)    goto loop xxx:    question1 : how many times is the loop entered 

10. For which of following is it not possible to write an algorithm.
    
    a) To find out 1026th prime number
    b) To write program for NP-complete problem
    c) To write program which generates true Random numbers.

11. what is the essential requirement for an real-time systems
    
    a) pre-emption
    b) virtual memory
    c) paging  etc...

12. a cube has colors blue,red ,yellow each on two opposite sides.cube is
    divided into "32 small cubes and 4 large cubes".
    question:how many cubes (on 36 cubes) have blue at leat one side.
          how many cubes have colors on two sides.

13. aa person sold two articles for 80 /- each.with 20% profit on one
    article and 20% loss on another article, what is the loss / prifit he
    will gain on both.

14. main()
    {int a,b;
    int *p,*q;
    a=10;b=19;
    p=&(a+b);
    q=&max;
    } Q a)error in p=&(a+b) b)error in p=&max c)error in both d) no error 

1. What is the area covered in in 14 minutes by the minute hand of a clock of length 15 cm ?
2. What is the diameter of a wheel if it covers 440 m in 1000 revolutions?
3. There are 1 Re, 50 p, 25 p coins in the ratio 3:3:4 respectively. if the total amount is Rs.550, how many 1 Re coins are there?
   ans: 300
4. if A can do 1/3rd of work in 4 days and B can do 1/6th of work in 3 days, then in how many days can both A and B complete the work.
   ans: 7 1/7 days
5. if a number is divided by 935 remainder is 69. if same no. is divided by 38, what will be the remainder?
   ans: 29
6. if a tank is filled by 10 pumps, it takes 12 hours. if the same tank is filled by 15 pumps, then it will take 6 hours. how much time will it take to fill the tank if 25 pumps are used?
7. what is the probability of having b'days of 2 persons on the same day in a gathering of 50 persons?
8. how many words can be formed by the letters of the word DELCIOUS starting with D and ending with E?
   ans: 6! = 720
9. if a man works for 3 hours he gets Rs.15 + 1 meal. if he works for 12 hours he gets Rs.90 + 2 meals. what is the cost of a meal?
   ans: Rs.15/-
   
10. if a tank can be filled by pipe A in 24 mins and by pipe B in 32 mins. if A and B both are open, when should B be stopped to fill the tank in 18 mins.

1.   typedef struct{
char *;
nodeptr next;
} * nodeptr;
what does nodeptr stand for?

2. supposing thaty each integer occupies 4 bytes and each charactrer
1 byte , what is the output of the following programme?

#include
main()
{
int a[] ={ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7};
char c[] = {' a','x','h','o','k'};
printf("%d\t %d ", (&a[3]-&a[0]),(&c[3]-&c[0]));
}
ans : 3  3

3. what is the output of the program?

#include
main()
{
struct s1 {int i; };
struct s2 {int i; };
struct s1 st1;
struct s2 st2;
st1.i =5;
st2 = st1;
printf(" %d " , st2.i);
}

ans: nothing  (error)
expl: diff struct variables should not assigned using "=" operator.



4.what is the output of the program?

#include
main()
{
int i,j;
int mat[3][3] ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
for (i=2;i>=0;i--)
for ( j=2;j>=0;j--)
printf("%d" , *(*(mat+j)+i));
}

ans : 9 6 3 8 5 2 7 4 1

1. ONE RECTANGULAR PLATE WITH LENGTH 8INCHES,BREADTH 11
     INCHES AND 2 INCHES THICKNESS IS THERE.WHAT IS THE LENGTH
     OF THE CIRCULAR ROD WITH DIAMETER 8 INCHES AND EQUAL TO
     VOLUME OF RECTANGULAR PLATE?
     ANS: 3.5INCHES

2. WHAT IS THE NUMBER OF ZEROS AT THE END OF THE PRODUCT
     OF THE NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 100

3. in some game 139 members have participated every time
     one fellow will get bye what is the number of matches to
     choose the champion to be held?
     ans: 138

4. one fast typist type some matter in 2hr and
     another slow typist type the
     same matter in 3hr. if both do combinely in how much time
     they will finish.
     ans: 1hr 12min

5. in 8*8 chess board what is the total number of squares
     refer odel
     ans:204

6. falling height is proportional to square of the time.
     one object falls 64cm in 2sec than in 6sec from how much
     height the object will fall.

7. gavaskar average in first 50 innings was 50 . after the 51st
     innings his average was 51 how many runs he made in the 51st
     innings

8. 2 oranges,3 bananas and  4 apples cost Rs.15 . 3 ornages
     2 bananas 1 apple costs Rs 10. what is the cost of 3 oranges,
     3 bananas and 3 apples
     ans Rs 15.

9. in 80 coins one coin is counterfiet what is minimum number of
      weighings to find out counterfiet coin
   

10. in a company 30% are supervisors and 40% employees are male
      if 60% of supervisors are male. what is the probability
      that a randomly choosen employee is a male or female?

11. THERE WERE 750 PEOPLE WHEN THE FIRST SONG WAS SUNG. AFTER EACH
    SONG 50 PEOPLE ARE LEAVING THE HALL. HOWMANY SONGS ARE SUNG TO MAKE
    THEM ZERO?
    
    ANS:16

12. A PERSON IS CLIMBING OF 60 MTS . FOR EVERY MINUTE HE IS  CLIMBING 6 MTS
    AND SLIPPING 4 MTS . AFTER HOWMANY MINUTES HE MAY REACH THE TOP?
    
    ANS: (60-6)/2 +1  :28

13. SALARY IS INCREASED BY 1200 ,TAX IS DECREASED FROM 12% TO 10% BUT PAYING
    SAME AMOUNT  AS TAX . WHAT IS THE PREVISIOUS SALARY?
    
    ANS:6000

14. THE LEAST NO. WHICH IS WHEN DEVIDED BY 4,6,7  LEAVES A REMAINDER OF 2 ?
    
    ANS: 86

15. A MAN DRIVING THE CAR AT TWICE THE SPEED OF AUTO ONEDAY HE WAS DRIVEN
    CAR FOR 10 MIN. AND CAR IS FAILED. HE LEFT THE CAR AND TOOK AUTO TO GOTO
    THE OFFICE . HE SPENT 30 MIN. IN THE AUTO. WHAT WILL BE THE TIME TAKE BY
    CAR TO GO OFFICE?
    
    ANS:25 MIN

16. OUT OF 100 FAMILIES IN NEIGHBOUR HOOD , 55 OWN RADIO, 75 OWN T.V
    AND 25 OWN VCR. ONLY 10 FAMILIES HAVE ALLOF THESE, AND EACH VCR OWNER
    HAS TV . IF 25 FAMILIES HAVE THE RADIO ONLY, THE NO. OF FAMILIES HAVE
    ONLY TV ARE?
    
    ANS: 30

17. KYA KYA IS AN ISLAND IN THE SOUTH PACIFI . THE INHABITANTS OF KYA KYA
    ALWAYS ANSWER ANY QUESTION WITH TWO SENTENCES, ONE OR WHICH IS ALWAYS
    TRUE AND OTHER IS ALWAYS FALSE.
    
    1. YOU ARE WALKING ON THE ROAD AND COME TO A FORK. YOU ASK ,THE INHABITANTS
    RAM.LAXMAN, AND LILA AS" WHICH ROAD WILL TAKE ME TO THE VILAGE?
    
    RAM SAYS: I NEVER SPEAK TO STRANGERS. IAM NEW TO THIS PLACE
    LAXMAN SAYS: IAM MARRIED TO.LILA. TAKE THE LEFT ROAD
    LILA SAYS: IAM MARRIED TO RAM. HE IS NOT NEW TO THIS PLACE
    
    ANS:  LEFT ROAD TAKE YU TO THE VILLAGE
    
    2. YOU FIND THAT YOUR BOAT IS STOLLEN. U QUESTIONED THREE INHABITANTS OT
    ISLANDS AND THEIR REPLIES ARE
    
    JOHN   : I DIDNOT DO IT. MATHEW DIDNOT DO IT
    MATHEW :  I DIDNOT DO IT. KRISHNA DIDNOT DO IT
    KRISHNA: I DID NOT DO IT; I DONOT KNOW WHO DID IT
    
    ANS: MATHEW STOLEN THE BOAT
    
    3. YOU WANT TO SPEAK TO THE CHIEF OF VILLAGE , U ASK THREE FELLOWS AMAR
    BOBBY, CHARLES AND BOBBY IS WEARING RED SHIRT
    
    AMAR    : IAM NOT BOBBY`S SON ; THE CHIEF WEARS RED SHIRT
    BOBBY   : IAM AMARS FATHER ; CHARLES IS THE CHIEF
    CHARLES : THE CHIEF IS ONE AMONG US; IAM THE CHIEF
    
    ANS: BOBBY IS THE CHIEF
    
    4. THERE IS ONLY OPNE POLOT IN THE VILLAGE(ISLAND). YOU INTERVIEWED THREEM MAN
    KOISK ,LORRY AND MISHRA
    U ALSO NOTICE THAT KOISK IS WEARING CAP.
    
    M SAYS : LARRY IS FATHER IN THE PILOT .LARRY IS NOT THE PRIESTS SON
    KOISK  : IAM THE PRIEST ON THEIS ISLAND ONLY PRISTS CAN WEAR THE CAPS
    LARRY  : IAM THE PRIEST SON . KOISK IS NOT THE PREST
    
    ANS : KOISK IS THE PILOT

18. LCM OF 3 PRIME NO.S  IS 1729. THE HIGHEST NUMBER
    AMONG THEM IS ?
             A 13      B 19  C 23  D 11.
             ANS 19

19. A SHIP LEFT THE YARD AND TRAVELLED 180 MILES. NOW
    ANOTHER FLIGHT WITH 10 TIMES THE SPEED OF THE SHIP
    STARTED . WHEN BOTH WILL MEET?
    ANS 200  MILES

20. THE PRBABILITY OF HITTING A TARGET BY X IS 0.9 AND
    THAT OF B   IS  0.8, THEN IF BOTH TRY WHAT IS THE
    PROBABILITY OF HITTING THE TARGET.
    ANS 0.98.     

21. THE LENGTH OF THE ROPE IS 660M. WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM
    AREA COVERED BY THIS ROPE?
    ANS 34650

22. a MAN IS INCREASING HIS SPEED  5% EVRY hr ANOTHER
    INCREASES 1% IN 1ST AND 3% IN SECOND  AND SO.ON  WHEN
    THY MEET?

23. A TAP CAN FILL THE TANK IN 10hrS,10 HOLES CAN
    EMPTY WITHIN  6hr, OF SAME CAPACITY 15 HOLES WHITH IN
    6hr.if  ALL OPERATE THEN THE TIME OF FILLING THE TANK.
    
    
    
    

1. Swapping two variables x,y without using a temporary variable.
2. Write a program for reversing the given string.

3. The integers from 1 to n are stored in an array in a random
   fashion. but one integer is missing. write a program to find the
   missing integer.
      ans. idea. the sum of n natural numbers is = n(n+1)/2.
           if we subtract the above sum from the sum of all the
           numbers in the array , the result is nothing but the
           missing number.

4. Write a c program to find whether a stack is progressing in forward or reverse direction.
5. Write a c program that reverses the linked list.

1. typedef struct{
    char *;
    nodeptr next;
    } * nodeptr;
   what does nodeptr stand for?

2. int   *x[](); means
   expl: Elments of an array can't be functions.

3. o/p=?
   int i;
   i=1;
   i=i+2*i++;
   printf(%d,i);
                       ans: 4

4. #include
   char *f()
   {char *s=malloc(8);
   strcpy(s,"goodbye")}
   main()
   {
   char *f();
   printf("%c",*f()='A');
   o/p=?

5. FILE *fp1,*fp2;
   fp1=fopen("one","w")
   fp2=fopen("one","w")
   fputc('A',fp1)
   fputc('B',fp2)
   fclose(fp1)
   fclose(fp2)}
   ans: no error. But It will over writes on same
   file.

6. #define MAN(x,y) (x)>(y)?(x):(y)
   {  int i=10;j=5;k=0;
   k= MAX(i++,++j)
   printf(%d %d %d %d,i,j,k)}

7. a=10;b=5; c=3;d=3;
   if(a

8. what is o/p
   >   #include
   >   show(int t,va_list ptr1)
   >   {
   >   int a,x,i;
   >   a=va_arg(ptr1,int)
   >   printf("\n %d",a)
   >   }
   >   display(char)
   >   {int x;
   >   listptr;
   >   va_star(otr,s);
   >   n=va_arg(ptr,int);
   >   show(x,ptr);
   >   }
   >   main()
   >   {
   >   display("hello",4,12,13,14,44);
   >   }
   >   a) 13 b) 12 c) 44 d) 14

9. main()
   > {
   > printf("hello");
   > fork();
   > }

10. main()
    > {
    > int i = 10;
    > printf(" %d %d %d \n", ++i, i++, ++i);
    > }

11. #include
    > main()
    > {
    > int *p, *c, i;
    > i = 5;
    > p = (int*) (malloc(sizeof(i)));
    > printf("\n%d",*p);
    > *p = 10;
    > printf("\n%d  %d",i,*p);
    > c = (int*) calloc(2);
    > printf("\n%d\n",*c);
    > }

12. #define MAX(x,y) (x) >(y)?(x):(y)
    > main()
    > {
    >  int i=10,j=5,k=0;
    >   k=  MAX(i++,++j);
    >    printf("%d..%d..%d",i,j,k);
    >  }

13. #include 
    > main()
    > {
    >         enum _tag{ left=10, right, front=100, back};
    >         printf("left is %d, right is %d, front is
    > %d, back is
    > %d",left,right,front,back);
    > }

14. main()
    > {
    >         int a=10,b=20;
    >  a>=5?b=100:b=200;
    >         printf("%d\n",b);
    > }

15. #define PRINT(int) printf("int = %d  ",int)
    > main()
    > {
    > int x,y,z;
    > x=03;y=02;z=01;
    > PRINT(x^x);
    > z<<=3;PRINT(x); > y>>=3;PRINT(y);
    > }

16. what is the o/p of the program
    main()
    {
     int rows=3,colums=4;
     int a[rows][colums]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12};
       i=j=k=99;
       for(i=0;i

17. what is o/p
    main()
    {int i=3;
    while(i--)
    {
    int i=100
    i--;
    printf("%d..",i);
    }
    }
    a) infinite loop
    b) error
    c) 99..99..99..99
    d) 3..22..1..

18. 
    '-'=45  '/'=47
    printfr(%d/n,'-','-','-','-','/','/','/');
    o/p =?

19. { ch='A';
    while(ch<='F'){   switch(ch){   case'A':case'B':case'C':case'D':ch++;continue;   case'E':case'F':ch++;   }   putchar(ch);   }   }     a)ABCDEF  b.EFG c.FG d.error

1. One number of five digit is given if we append 9 before the number
   it will become 4 times when append 9 at end . WHAT  IS NUMBER?

2. 6 MONKS  6 cannible( can eat monks if C> M any time
   any where) One boat . boat can sustain at most 3 persons. Trivial
   question....

3. Two inputs in a block are going (N1 and N2) two outputs (Max and
   min of that). If U have 4 numbers than how u use this as a building
   block to sort 4 numbers. 

1. 1) static (wrt dynamic circuits)
   2) Electromigration
   3) Hot electron
   4) Tr in Saturation
   5) Latch-up
   6) Seq. Ckt.
   7) CLM
   8) FIR filter.

2. 1) Dynamic circuits.......with feedback   called HALF LATCH.
   2) inv with PMOS and NMOS exchanged
   3) which circuit is having smallest fall delay . options 1) NAND both
   input connected 2) NOR  both input connected 3) NAND with one input
   at VDD  4) nor with one input at GND
   4) question on microprocessor
   6) question on DMA
   7) Network simple question on charge sharing
   8) Implement following statement with logic gates  if(a==b) {y=p} else{y=q}
   9) One complicated ckt with two inputs and one output and VDD and
   no GND and is XNOR.
   10) Current mirror simple question current is I2 = 2I1 answer.
   11) NAND and NOR equivalent to the inverter with same rise and
   fall time.

3. 1) Layout routing
   2) Capacitance from layout
   3) Fringing and area capacitance calculation
   4) Sheet resistance is given u have to calculate total resistance.
   5) Microprocessor question with 3-stage pipeline instruction.
   Easy question
   6) Simple circuit with glitch in that how to remove it and draw
   the waveforms. K map has given.
   7) Implemet ckt with AND/OR/INV .

Object Oriented Programming Concepts

• Generally, which is the stronger relationship, containment or composition?
• What is coupling?
• What is "cohesion and coupling"?
• What is abstract coupling?
• What is Parmetric polymorphism?
• Why will you need multiple inheritence?
• What is the Liskov's Substitution Principle?
• Describe these design methodologies: Booch, OMT, Use cases.
• Differentiate between subtyping and subclassing.

Design Patterns

• What does Design mean to you? (Factor 5)
• What is Pimpl and what is it used for?
• What is an adapter? Is it different from a wrapper?

1. Grade ur knowledge in c and c++ from 0 to 100
2. What is virtuval distrcuctor.
3. Are there any default concstructors in c++? what are they?
4. What is the difference between copy constructor and Overkloading =. Why language is provided two of these?
5. What are inline functions, what is the difference between #define and inline
6. What is the difference between inline and normal function. will the compiler take inline functions always inline ,if not on which basis it will decide to ignore inline.
7. Prog which illustrates difference between extern and static
   
8. Virtual and Friend Function in C++
9. The sequence in which constructors of classes A, B and C are called when class A is inherited from class B which is inherited from class C.
10. Steps in the compilation of a C program. or steps in preprocessing in sequence.
11. Differences between a reference and a pointer in C++.
12. Differences between typedef and #define
13. If we have a union with three variables int i, char c, float f; and we store a value in say the variable c now. and we forget what is the variable of the union that holds a value currently,
    after some time. for this is there any mechanism provided by the language using which we can find out whether it is i or c or f that currently holds a value.
14. padding bytes for structures: suppose there is structure struct x{int x, char c}; and the compiler is a four byte compiler. then what is memory allocated to variable of this struct type. if the structure definition is struct y{char x; int y;}; then what is the memory allocated for a variableof this type.
15. Prototype definition of the printf() function.
16. How do you dynamically allocate a two dimensional array of size a by b.
    ans: int **x;
    x = (int**)malloc(sizeof(int*)*a);
    for(int i=0;i
17. Then what if it is assigned as: int *y = (int*)x;
18. Questions on declarations of function pointers in C.
19. Differences between Java and C++.
20. Inorder, preorder, and post order traversals.
21. how do you find out if a loop(cycle) exists in a linked list,efficiently
22. name the oo concepts.
    

1. What is the light weight process ?
2. Why thread is lightweight?
3. What is the best Scheduling algo that will give best throughput?
4. Semaphores and mutexes.
5. What is that we can't do with boolean variables that can be done with semaphores?
6. Question about UNIX file system.
7. Inode number 0 corresponds to what?
8. Name few compiler optimizations (little more about compiler optimizations)
9. What is LALR parser.
10. What is hill climbing?
11. What is simulated annealing?
12. What is piggybacking?
13. Tell some differences between congestion control and flow control?
14. Theory of computations
    1) about various complexity classes;
    2). NP-hard and NP-copmleteness,
    examples;
    3). what is universal Turing machine?

1. There are 100 gates with doors ( 1.... 100).Intially they are open. Switching the gates ( if open then close , if closed then open ) can be done. First they will switch the multiples of 1's then they will switch the multiple's of 2's and soooo on multiple's of 100's. Now, at the end how many doors are closed and what are they?
2. 10 58 ____ Ans: 3^n+7^n --> 3^3+7^3
   Ans: ( 1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100)

1. #include
   #include
   int main()
   {
     int p,q;
     clrscr();
     p=5
     -
     -
    -
        -
        3*
        6;
      printf("%d \n",p);
   }
   #include
   #include
   int main()
   {
     int p,q;
     clrscr();
     p=5
     +
     +
     +
     +
     3*
     6;
      printf("%d \n",p);
   }
   
   
   ans : 23 23

2. postfix expression was given
   622+-382/*+2^3+
   solve it
   
   ans : 199

3. A tree was given , find the postorder

4. what do you mean by operator overloading
   ans : assigning user defined meaning to an existing operator
        by an operator function
   

5.      ___________________________________________________
   ___|___       ___|___              ___|___             |
   |       |     |       |            |       |            |
   |       |__   |       |___         |       |___         |
   |_______|  |  |_______|   |______  |_______|   |        |
             not                   |             |        |
             |_____________________|_____________|____and_|___
   
   ans : modulo 6 counter

6. 1001000  is the initial state of ring counter after how many clock
   pulses initial state is again achieved.
   
   ans.  7

7. minm. no. of flip flop required for mod 33
   ans.  6

8. a no. is given in base 21 which is the extension of hex. i.e.
   10,11,12......20
    A, B, C,......K
   WHAT IS the value of KA in octal

9. DMA IS:
   ans. i/o to memory without intereferene of cpu

10. no. of 0's in 15*1024+7*32+3
    ans.  5

11. A man while going dowm in a escalator(which is moving down) takes
    50
    steps to reach down and while going up takes 125 steps. If he goes 5
    times
    faster upwards than downwards. What will be the total no of steps if
    the
    escalator werent moving.

12. 2/3 of corckery(plates) are broken, 1/2 have someother thing
    (handle)
    broken , 1/4 are both broken and handle broken. Ultimately only 2
    pieces
    of corckery were without any defect. How many crockery were there in
    total.

13. odd one out
     a) person
     b) time
     c) object
     d) reason            ans : d) reason

14. a) owc
    b)hepes
    c)roseh
    d)gunenip
    
    ans : d)penguin

15. insert three letter words so that it makes 2 words
    ring(_ _ _)ter

16. Insert 4 letter word that has exact meaning as given outside the
    bracket
    WILLING (_ _ _ _)SPORT 

• If you had an infinite supply of water and a 5 quart and 3 quart pail, how would you measure exactly 4 quarts?
• If you are on a boat and you throw out a suitcase, will the level of water increase?
• On an average, how many times would you have to open the Seattle phone book to find a specific name?
• There are 3 ants at 3 corners of a triangle, they randomly start moving towards another corner. What is the probability that they don't collide?
• If you look at a clock and the time is 3:15, what is the angle between the hour and the minute hands? ( The answer to this is not zero!)
• What new feature would you add to MSWORD if you were hired?
• Why did you pick the school you graduated from?
• Why do you want to work for Microsoft?
• How many Gas stations are there in the US?
• How would you weigh a plane without using scales?
• How would you move Mt. Everest?
• Two math graduates bump into each other at Fairway on the upper west side. They hadn't seen each other in over 20 years. The first grad says to the second: "how have you been?" Second: "Great! I got married and I have three daughters now" First: "Really? how old are they?" Second: "Well, the product of their ages is 72, and the sum of their ages is the same as the number on that building over there.." First: "Right, ok.. oh wait.. hmmmm.., I still don't know" second: "Oh sorry, the oldest one just started to play the piano" First: "Wonderful! my oldest is the same age!" Problem: How old are the daughters?

• Why are beer cans tapered at the top and bottom?
• Why is it that hot water in a hotel comes out instantly but at home it takes time?
• How many times a day a clock's hands overlap?
• Mike has $20 more than Todd. How much does each have given that combined they have $21 between them. You can't use fractions in the answer.(Hint: This is a trick question, pay close attention to the condition)
• There are four dogs, each at the counter of a large square. Each of the dogs begins chasing the dog clockwise from it. All of the dogs run at the same spd. All continously adjust their direction so that they are always heading straight towards their clockwise neighbor. How long does it take for the dogs to catch each other? Where does this happen? (Hint: Dog's are moving in a symmetrical fashion, not along the edges of the square).

• If you had an infinite supply of water and a 5 quart and 3 quart pail, how would you measure exactly 4 quarts?
• If you are on a boat and you throw out a suitcase, will the level of water increase?
• On an average, how many times would you have to open the Seattle phone book to find a specific name?
• There are 3 ants at 3 corners of a triangle, they randomly start moving towards another corner. What is the probability that they don't collide?
• If you look at a clock and the time is 3:15, what is the angle between the hour and the minute hands? ( The answer to this is not zero!)
• What new feature would you add to MSWORD if you were hired?
• Why did you pick the school you graduated from?
• Why do you want to work for Microsoft?
• How many Gas stations are there in the US?
• How would you weigh a plane without using scales?
• How would you move Mt. Everest?
• Two math graduates bump into each other at Fairway on the upper west side. They hadn't seen each other in over 20 years. The first grad says to the second: "how have you been?" Second: "Great! I got married and I have three daughters now" First: "Really? how old are they?" Second: "Well, the product of their ages is 72, and the sum of their ages is the same as the number on that building over there.." First: "Right, ok.. oh wait.. hmmmm.., I still don't know" second: "Oh sorry, the oldest one just started to play the piano" First: "Wonderful! my oldest is the same age!" Problem: How old are the daughters?

• Why are beer cans tapered at the top and bottom?
• Why is it that hot water in a hotel comes out instantly but at home it takes time?
• How many times a day a clock's hands overlap?
• Mike has $20 more than Todd. How much does each have given that combined they have $21 between them. You can't use fractions in the answer.(Hint: This is a trick question, pay close attention to the condition)
• There are four dogs, each at the counter of a large square. Each of the dogs begins chasing the dog clockwise from it. All of the dogs run at the same spd. All continously adjust their direction so that they are always heading straight towards their clockwise neighbor. How long does it take for the dogs to catch each other? Where does this happen? (Hint: Dog's are moving in a symmetrical fashion, not along the edges of the square).

1. Given a number, describe an algorithm to find the next number which is prime.
2. There are 8 stones which are similar except one which is heavier than the others. To find it, you are given a pan balance. What is the minimal number of weighing needed to find out the heaviest stone ?
3. There are a set of 'n' integers. Describe an algorithm to find for each of all its subsets of n-1 integers the product of its integers. For example, let consider (6, 3, 1, 2). We need to find these products :
• 6 * 3 * 1 = 18
• 6 * 3 * 2 = 36
• 3 * 1 * 2 = 6
• 6 * 1 * 2 = 12

4. Given two sorted postive integer arrays A[n] and B[n] (W.L.O.G, let's
   say they are decreasingly sorted), we define a set S = {(a,b) | a \in A
   and b \in B}. Obviously there are n^2 elements in S. The value of such
   a pair is defined as Val(a,b) = a + b. Now we want to get the n pairs
   from S with largest values. The tricky part is that we need an O(n)
   algorithm. 
   

5. Solve this cryptic equation, realizing of course that values for M and E could be interchanged. No leading zeros are allowed.

   WWWDOT - GOOGLE = DOTCOM

6. Write a haiku describing possible methods for predicting search traffic seasonality
7. 1
   1 1
   2 1
   1 2 1 1
   1 1 1 2 2 1
   What's the next line?

   312211. This is the "look and say" sequence in which each term after the first describes the previous term: one 1 (11); two 1s (21); one 2 and one 1 (1211); one 1, one 2, and two 1's (111221); and so on. See the look and say sequence entry on MathWorld for a complete write-up and the algebraic form of a fascinating related quantity known as Conway's constant.

8. You are in a maze of twisty little passages, all alike. There is a dusty laptop here with a weak wireless connection. There are dull, lifeless gnomes strolling around. What dost thou do?

   A) Wander aimlessly, bumping into obstacles until you are eaten by a grue.
   B) Use the laptop as a digging device to tunnel to the next level.
   C) Play MPoRPG until the battery dies along with your hopes.
   D) Use the computer to map the nodes of the maze and discover an exit path.
   E) Email your resume to Google, tell the lead gnome you quit and find yourself in whole different world [sic].

   In general, make a state diagram . However, this method would not work in certain pathological cases such as, say, a fractal maze. For an example of this and commentary, see Ed Pegg's column about state diagrams and mazes .

9. What's broken with Unix?

   Their reproductive capabilities.

   How would you fix it?

10. On your first day at Google, you discover that your cubicle mate wrote the textbook you used as a primary resource in your first year of graduate school. Do you:

    A) Fawn obsequiously and ask if you can have an autograph.
    B) Sit perfectly still and use only soft keystrokes to avoid disturbing her concentration
    C) Leave her daily offerings of granola and English toffee from the food bins.
    D) Quote your favorite formula from the textbook and explain how it's now your mantra.
    E) Show her how example 17b could have been solved with 34 fewer lines of code.

11. Which of the following expresses Google's over-arching philosophy?

    A) "I'm feeling lucky"
    B) "Don't be evil"
    C) "Oh, I already fixed that"
    D) "You should never be more than 50 feet from food"
    E) All of the above

12. How many different ways can you color an icosahedron with one of three colors on each face?
13. On an infinite, two-dimensional, rectangular lattice of 1-ohm resistors, what is the resistance between two nodes that are a knight's move away
14. In your opinion, what is the most beautiful math equation ever derived?

    There are obviously many candidates. The following list gives ten of the authors' favorites:

    1. Archimedes' recurrence formula : , , ,
    2. Euler formula :
    3. Euler-Mascheroni constant :
    4. Riemann hypothesis: and implies
    5. Gaussian integral :
    6. Ramanujan's prime product formula:
    7. Zeta-regularized product :
    8. Mandelbrot set recursion:
    9. BBP formula :
    10. Cauchy integral formula:

15. Which of the following is NOT an actual interest group formed by Google employees?

    A. Women's basketball
    B. Buffy fans
    C. Cricketeers
    D. Nobel winners
    E. Wine club

16. What will be the next great improvement in search technology?
17. What is the optimal size of a project team, above which additional members do not contribute productivity equivalent to the percentage increase in the staff size?

    A) 1
    B) 3
    C) 5
    D) 11
    E) 24

18. Given a triangle ABC, how would you use only a compass and straight edge to find a point P such that triangles ABP, ACP and BCP have equal perimeters? (Assume that ABC is constructed so that a solution does exist.)
19. Consider a function which, for a given whole number n, returns the number of ones required when writing out all numbers between 0 and n. For example, f(13)=6. Notice that f(1)=1. What is the next largest n such that f(n)=n?
20. What is the coolest hack you've ever written?
21. What number comes next in the sequence: 10, 9, 60, 90, 70, 66, ?

    A) 96
    B) 1000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000
    C) Either of the above
    D) None of the above

22. In 29 words or fewer, describe what you would strive to accomplish if you worked at Google Labs.

General C# Questions

• Does C# support multiple-inheritance?
• Who is a protected class-level variable available to?
• Are private class-level variables inherited?
• Describe the accessibility modifier “protected internal”.
• What’s the top ._NET class that everything is derived from?
• What does the term immutable mean?
• What’s the difference between System.String and System.Text.StringBuilder classes?
• What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?
• Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?
• What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
• How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
• What’s the ._NET collection class that allows an element to be accessed using a unique key?
• What class is underneath the SortedList class?
• Will the finally block get executed if an exception has not occurred?
• What’s the C# syntax to catch any possible exception?
• Can multiple catch blocks be executed for a single try statement?
• Explain the three services model commonly know as a three-tier application.

C# OOP

• What is the syntax to inherit from a class in C#?
• Can you prevent your class from being inherited by another class?
• Can you allow a class to be inherited, but prevent the method from being over-ridden?
• What’s an abstract class?
• When do you absolutely have to declare a class as abstract?
• What is an interface class?
• Why can’t you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface?
• Can you inherit multiple interfaces?
• What happens if you inherit multiple interfaces and they have conflicting method names?
• What’s the difference between an interface and abstract class?
• What is the difference between a Struct and a Class?

1. Inorder and preorder trees (expressions) are given and postorder tree (expression) is to be found out

2. int v,u;
    while(v != 0)
   {
     t = v % u;
     v = u;
   u = t;
   }
   find the time complexity of the above program.
   

3. x is passed by reference, y passed by value.
   x = 3, y = 2;
   foo(x, y)
   var integer x, y;
   {
    x = x + 2;
    y = y + 3;
   }
   main()
   {
   x = 5;
   y = 5;
   foo(x, y);
   print (x, y);
   }
   output of the above pseudo code.

4. how many flip flops you require for modulo 19 counter.

5. ring counter's initial state is 01000. after how many clock cylces will
   it return to the initial state.

6. given 6 bit mantissa in 2s complement form and 4 bit exponent is in
   excess-4 form in a floating point representation, find the number

7. A signed no is stored in 10-bit register, what is the max and min
   possible value of the number.

8. A room is 30 X 12 X 12. a spider is ont the middle of the samller
   wall, 1 feet from the top, and a fly is ont he middle of the opposite wall
   1 feet from the bottom. what is the min distance reqd for the spider to
   crawl to the fly.

9. A man while going dowm in a escalator(which is miving down) takes 50
   steps to reach down and while going up takes 125 steps. If he goes 5 times
   faster upwards than downwards. What will be the total no of steps if the
   escalator werent moving.

10. 2/3 of corckery(plates) are broken, 1/2 have someother thing(handle)
    broken , 1/4 are both broken and handle broken. Ultimately only 2 pieces
    of corckery were without any defect. How many crockery were there in
    total.

11.      ___________________________________________________
    ___|___       ___|___              ___|___             |
    |       |     |       |            |       |            |
    |       |__   |       |___         |       |___         |
    |_______|  |  |_______|   |__not_  |_______|   |        |
             |                     |             |        |
             |_____________________|_____________|____and_|___
    
    boxes are negative edge triggered flip flops and 'not' and 'and' are
    gates. What is this figure.
    ans-  modulo-5

12. There is six letter word VGANDA . How many ways you can arrange the
     letters in the word in such a way that both the A's are together.
      Ans : 120    (5x4!)

13. If two cards are taken one after another without replacing from
       a pack of 52 cards what is the probability  for the two cards be
          queen.
    

14. 51 x 53 x ... x 59 ; symbols ! - factorial
                               ^ - power of 2
    (a) 99!/49! (b)  (c)   (d) (99! x 25!)/(2^24 x 49! x 51!)

15. The ratio fo Boys to Girls is 6:4. 60% of the boys and 40% of girls
      take lunch in the canteen. What % of class takes lunch in canteen.
          Ans : 52%    (60/100)*60 + (40/100)*40

16. Zulus always speak truth and  Hutus always speak lies. There are
    three persons A,B&C. A met B and says " I am a Zulu or I am Hutu".
    We don't know what exactly he said. then B meets C and says to c
    that " A is a Zulu ". Then C replied " No, A is a Hutu ".
    
    1. How many Zulus are there ?
    2. Who must be a Zulu ? 

17. What is
      int *p(char (*s)[])
      Ans : p is a function which is returning a pointer to integer
      which takes arguments as pointer to array of characters.

18. what is the o/p
      printf(" Hello \o is the world ");
     Ans : Hello is the world.

19. Find the prototype of sine function.
      Ans : extern double sin(double)

20. i=2
      printf("%old %old %old %old ",i, i++,i--,i++);

21. what is the value of 'i'?
     i=strlen("Blue")+strlen("People")/strlen("Red")-strlen("green")
     Ans : 1

22. what does exit() do?
     Ans : come out of executing programme.

23. what does " calloc" do?
      Ans :  A memory allocation and initialising to zero.

24. what does find command do ? Ans : search a file

25. Which of following is used for back-up files?
      (a) compress (b) Tar (c) make (d) all the above  Ans : b

26. What does chmod 654 stand for.
    
     Ans : _rw_r_xr__

• Basic circuit analysis
• Kirchov’s laws, Thevenin and Norton equivalents
• IV characteristics of circuit elements (R, L, C, diodes, etc.)
• Transient response of basic circuits, RC delays
• Intuitive operation of PN junctions and MOSFETs
• Circuits with opamps
• Transmission lines
• Power dissipation

• CMOS gates, complex gates, Latch and FF design
• Regions of operation of a MOSFET, IV characteristics in different regions, transistor IV curves
• Transistor cross-sections
• Charge storage and how it impacts certain circuits
• Capacitive coupling
• Dynamic logic
• Sources of capacitive load, capacitances between terminals of a MOSFET
• Various kinds of inverters, switching delay, gain, wire delays
• Transistor sizing

• Boolean logic Minimization
• State machine design
• Synchronous circuit timing, races, testability
• Pipelines and hazards
• Processor block diagrams, Cache architecture
• Microarchitecture techniques

1. In a VCO,the capacitance is varied by  using __________.
   ans: rev biased varactor diode

2. A pnp trans. in active region has  _____________.
   ans:b-e junction fwd biased & b-c rev biased.

3. in a nmos how is V-threshold affected by increasing doping conc. of substrate ?
   ans:increases

4. condition for sustained oscillations in a osc is___.
   ans:A=1 & phase shift = n*pi.

5. if  A?B=C and C?A=B then what is the boolean operator ?
   ans:xor

6. clk is given with some period T to a logic gate.
   the same clk is again fed to the gate via a delay
   element with a delay of T/4 duration.if the gate
   acts as a freq.doubler then identify the gate.
   ans:xor

7. define the setup time & hold time in a f/f.

8. given a D f/f ,construct a T f/f from it.

9. given a 2:1 mux,how will u implement an AND & OR gate ?

1. simplyfy k map
   
   1 x x 0
   1 x 0 1

1. Implementation of priority queue
   a. tree
    b linked list
     c doubly linked list.

2. max and avg. height of sorted binary tree.

3. size of integer is
     a. 2 bytes
     b 4 bytes
     c. machine dependant
     d compiler dependent.

4. Questions On Pointer to Function

5. main()
   {
   int i,*j;
   i=5;
   j=&i;
   printf("\ni= %d",i);
   f(j);
   
   printf("\n i= %d",i);
   }
   
   void f(int*j)
   {
   int k=10;
   j= &k;
   }
   
   output is
   a 5 10
   b 10 5
   c 5 5

6. int f(int a)
   {
   a=+b;
   
   //some stuff
   }
   
   main()
   {
   x=fn(a);
   y=&fn; }
   what are x & y types
   a) x is int y is pointer to afunction which takes integer value
   

7. main()
   {
   char a[10]="hello";
   strcpy(a,'\0');
   printf("%s",a);
   }
   output of the program?
   a) string is null b) string is not null  c) program error d)

8. void f(int *p){
   static val=100;
   val=&p;
   }
   main(){
   int a=10;
   printf("%d ",a);
   f(&a);
   printf("%d ",a);
   }
   what will be out put?
   a)10,10

9. void f(int value){
   for (i=0;i<16;i++){>>1) printf("1")
   else printf("0");
   }
   }
   what is printed?
   a) bineray value of argument b)bcd value c) hex value d) octal value

10. for hashing which is best on terms of buckets
    a)100 b)50 c)21 d)32  ans 32

11. size of(int)
    a) always 2 bytes
    b) depends on compiler that is being used
    c) always 32 bits
    d) can't tell

12.     struct a
      {
      int a;
      char b;
      int c;
      }
    
      union b
      {
      char a;
      int b;
      int c;
      };
      which is correct .
      a. size of a is always diff. form size of b.(ans.)
      b. size of a is always same  form size of b.
      c. we can't say anything because of not-homogeneous (not in ordered)
      d. size of a can be same if ...

13. x=x^y;
     y=x^y;
     x=x^y;
    x=?

14. In a link list we want to go from last to first element and vice
    versa.
    Which is efficient
    a. Cirular List
    b. Doubly Link List
    c. Double Ended Link List
    d. Simple List

15. Hash function h(i)=i mod 5, there are 5 buckets 0,1,2,3,4. Rehashing is
    (h(i)+1)mod 5,(h(i)+2)mod 5......
    5 numbers are to be enterd, Find the number in a given bucket..

16. To reconstuct a Tree which sequence is enough
    a. Inoreder sequence
    b. Preorder and Post order
    c. In, Pre, Post order are required
    d. Any one can be used

17. (i)
    for(i=0;i

18. convert a inorder string to post order

19. int (*a[5])() what is this declaration?

Directions: Give the synonyms for the following words

1. Depreciation: deflation, depression, devaluation, fall, slump

2. Depricate : feel and express disapproval,

3. Incentive : thing one encourages one to do (stimulus)

4. Echelon : level of authority or responsibility

5. Innovation : make changes or introduce new things

6. Intermittent : externally stopping and then starting

7. Detrimental: harmful

8. Conciliation : make less angry or more friendly

9. Orthodox: conventional or traditional, superstitious

10. Fallible : liable to error

11. Volatile : ever changing

12. Manifest: clear and obvious

13. Connotation : suggest or implied meaning of expression

14. Reciprocal: reverse or opposite

15. Agrarian : related to agriculture

16. Vacillate : undecided or dilemma

17. Expedient : fitting proper, desirable

18. Simulate : produce artificially resembling an existing one.

19. Access : to approah

20. Compensation: salary

21. Truncate : shorten by cutting

22. Adherence : stick

23. Heterogenous: non similar things

24. Surplus : excessive

25. Assess : determine the amount or value

26. Congnizance : knowledge

27. Retrospective : review

28. Naive : innocent,rustic

29. Equivocate : tallying on both sides, lie, mislead

30. Postulate : frame a theory

31. Latent : dormant, secret

32. Fluctuation : wavering,

33. Eliminate : to reduce

34. Affinity : strong liking

35. Expedite : hasten

36. Console : to show sympathy

37. Adversary : opposition

38. Affable : lovable or approachable

39. Decomposition : rotten

40. Agregious : apart from the crowd, especially bad

41. Conglomaration: group, collection

42. Aberration: deviation

43. Aurgury : prediction

44. Crediability : ability to common belief, quality of being credible

45. Coincident: incidentally

46. Constituent : accompanying

47. Differential : having or showing or making use of

48. Litigation : engaging in a law suit

49. Maratorium: legally or offficiallly determined period of dealy before
fulfillment of the agreement of paying of debts.

50. Negotiate : discuss or bargain

51. Preparation : act of preparing

52. Preponderant : superiority of power or quality

53. Relevance : quality of being relevant

54. Apparatus : appliances

55. Ignorance : blindness, in experience

56. Obsession: complex enthusiasm

57. precipitate : speed,active

Give the output of the programs in each case unless mentioned otherwise

1.
void main()
{
int d=5;
printf("%f",d);
}

Ans: Undefined

2.
void main()
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<4,i++)
switch(i)
case 1: printf("%d",i);break;
{
case 2:printf("%d",i);break;
case 3:printf("%d",i);break;
}
switch(i) case 4:printf("%d",i);
}

Ans: 1,2,3,4

3.
void main()
{
char *s="\12345s\n";
printf("%d",sizeof(s));
}

Ans: 6

4.
void main()
{
unsigned i=1; /* unsigned char k= -1 => k=255; */
signed j=-1; /* char k= -1 => k=65535 */
/* unsigned or signed int k= -1 =>k=65535 */
if(iprintf("less");
else
if(i>j)
printf("greater");
else
if(i==j)
printf("equal");
}

Ans: less

5.
void main()
{
float j;
j=1000*1000;
printf("%f",j);
}

1. 1000000
2. Overflow
3. Error
4. None

Ans: 4

6. How do you declare an array of N pointers to functions returning
pointers to functions returning pointers to characters?

Ans: The first part of this question can be answered in at least
three ways:

1. char *(*(*a[N])())();

2. Build the declaration up incrementally, using typedefs:

typedef char *pc; /* pointer to char */
typedef pc fpc(); /* function returning pointer to char */
typedef fpc *pfpc; /* pointer to above */
typedef pfpc fpfpc(); /* function returning... */
typedef fpfpc *pfpfpc; /* pointer to... */
pfpfpc a[N]; /* array of... */

3. Use the cdecl program, which turns English into C and vice
versa:

cdecl> declare a as array of pointer to function returning
pointer to function returning pointer to char
char *(*(*a[])())()

cdecl can also explain complicated declarations, help with
casts, and indicate which set of parentheses the arguments
go in (for complicated function definitions, like the one
above).
Any good book on C should explain how to read these complicated
C declarations "inside out" to understand them ("declaration
mimics use").
The pointer-to-function declarations in the examples above have
not included parameter type information. When the parameters
have complicated types, declarations can *really* get messy.
(Modern versions of cdecl can help here, too.)


7. A structure pointer is defined of the type time . With 3 fields min,sec hours having pointers to intergers.
Write the way to initialize the 2nd element to 10.

8. In the above question an array of pointers is declared.
Write the statement to initialize the 3rd element of the 2 element to 10;

9.
int f()
void main()
{
f(1);
f(1,2);
f(1,2,3);
}
f(int i,int j,int k)
{
printf("%d %d %d",i,j,k);
}

What are the number of syntax errors in the above?

Ans: None.

10.
void main()
{
int i=7;
printf("%d",i++*i++);
}

Ans: 56

11.
#define one 0
#ifdef one
printf("one is defined ");
#ifndef one
printf("one is not defined ");

Ans: "one is defined"


12.
void main()
{
intcount=10,*temp,sum=0;
temp=&count;
*temp=20;
temp=∑
*temp=count;
printf("%d %d %d ",count,*temp,sum);
}

Ans: 20 20 20


13. There was question in c working only on unix machine with pattern matching.


14. what is alloca()

Ans : It allocates and frees memory after use/after getting out of scope

15.
main()
{
static i=3;
printf("%d",i--);
return i>0 ? main():0;
}

Ans: 321

16.
char *foo()
{
char result[100]);
strcpy(result,"anything is good");
return(result);
}
void main()
{
char *j;
j=foo()
printf("%s",j);
}

Ans: anything is good.

17.
void main()
{
char *s[]={ "dharma","hewlett-packard","siemens","ibm"};
char **p;
p=s;
printf("%s",++*p);
printf("%s",*p++);
printf("%s",++*p);
}

Ans: "harma" (p->add(dharma) && (*p)->harma)
"harma" (after printing, p->add(hewlett-packard) &&(*p)->harma)
"ewlett-packard"

ANTONYMS: